Electromagnetic Spectrum Use in Joint Military Operations - CJCSI 3320.01 -- Joint Spectrum Interference Resolution CJCSI 3320.02A

7 September 2000

See Elaine Scarry article on electromagnetic interference: Swissair 111, TWA 800, and Electromagnetic Interference, September 21, 2000.

Contents

CJCSI 3320.01 - ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM USE IN JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS

CJCSI 3320.02A - JOINT SPECTRUM INTERFERENCE RESOLUTION (JSIR)

CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT
CHIEFS OF STAFF
INSTRUCTION

CJCSI 3320.01
1 May 2000

J-6
DISTRIBUTION: A, B, C, J, S

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM USE IN
JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS

References: See Enclosure B

1. Purpose. To issue policy and guidance for planning, coordinating, and controlling electromagnetic spectrum use in joint military operations. References are provided for further reading.

2. Cancellation. CJCSI 3220.01, 30 June 1997, is cancelled.

3. Applicability. This instruction is applicable to the Military Departments (to include the US Coast Guard), unified commands, Service component commands, joint task forces, combined commands, sub-unified commands, and Defense agencies (hereafter referred to as DOD components). DOD components will develop procedures for implementing this instruction. Local reproduction is authorized.

4. Policy. Assured access to the electromagnetic spectrum is vital to DOD operations worldwide. This publication identifies basic considerations for operating communications equipment in military environments.

a. Joint Spectrum Environment. Military operations rely heavily on equipment using the limited resources of the electromagnetic spectrum. In joint military operations, requirements will exceed the amount of spectrum available. As a result, efficient use and control of the spectrum is critical to national security in terms of information operations (IO), combat operations, and command and control warfare (C2W). Effective spectrum management (the organized control and use of the electromagnetic spectrum) is fundamentally essential to sound defensive IO and C2 protection, which in turn ensure operations can be conducted with minimal unintentional interference (fratricide) and without negative electromagnetic environmental effects (E3). The rapid growth of sophisticated weapons systems, as well as intelligence, operations, and communications systems, greatly increases demand for frequencies. Lack of proper, preplanned frequency coordination will have an adverse effect upon friendly but competing users. Spectrum availability is further constrained by national legislation designed to carefully protect the rights of sovereign governments by requiring approval prior to transmission in any portion of the spectrum that lies within a particular country's national borders. Joint and combined force operations must also consider the needs of coalition forces in future contingencies. Therefore, an effective spectrum management structure is required not only to satisfy spectrum needs of military users, but also to coordinate with host nations to facilitate effective use of this finite resource. Further spectrum issues are discussed within the references at Enclosure B.
b. Electromagnetic Spectrum Planning, Coordination, and Control. To use the spectrum successfully, all users must work together by exchanging vital spectrum information from the beginning of the joint planning process through execution of any operation. Primarily, personnel assigned to operations (J-3), intelligence (J-2), and communications (J-6) functional areas plan, coordinate, and control joint military use of the electromagnetic spectrum. To minimize unacceptable electromagnetic interference (EMI) among all emitters and receivers and to address E3 issues in joint operations, these three functional areas must work together. Additionally, automated spectrum management systems at the joint and component levels require vertical and horizontal interoperability.
c. Concept of Control. The supported joint force commander holds the authority for assigning frequencies to users, usually through the Joint Frequency Management Office (JFMO). The JFMO will normally further delegate frequency assignment authority to subordinate commands. Authority to assign use of a specific spectrum resource should be delegated to the lowest level of command possible, consistent with the principles of sound spectrum management, spectrum use considerations, concept of operations, and priority of mission functions detailed in the respective Service or joint publications. Subordinate commands delegated authority for approving spectrum use will make frequency assignments within the constraints imposed by higher authorities and report changes in spectrum assignment information to the JFMO.
d. Spectrum Assignment Conflicts. To ensure critical frequencies and C2 nodes are protected from unintentional interference due to friendly operations, the J-6 coordinates, publishes, and distributes a Joint Restricted Frequency List (JRFL) based on inputs from the J-2, J-3, and J-6. The J-3 must approve the coordinated JRFL prior to its release. This is normally accomplished within the Information Operations Cell (IO Cell). As new requirements are identified, situations of conflicting or competing use of the spectrum will occur. Conflicts within a primary functional area are resolved at the lowest possible level or by the JFMO. For conflicting or competing use that affects more than one primary functional area, the IO Cell examines requirements and attempts to resolve coordination issues with the JFMO. If resolution is impossible at this level, the matter is elevated to the joint force commander or designee, who is usually the J-3.
e. Joint Spectrum Assignment Planning. Planning for use of the spectrum resource and assigning of spectrum management responsibilities must be fully integrated into the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) process. The complexity of effective joint spectrum use and management requires advance planning for scenarios of expected military operations. Each joint and subordinate component command must establish planning procedures to address all spectrumdependent equipment used in support of an OPLAN and any other requirements of friendly forces that impact the use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Spectrum managers must be fully integrated into the planning process at the earliest stages. Additionally, planning must be done in a consistent manner with each joint command. Without advance spectrum-use planning, EMI among users and/or a shortage of assignable frequencies may become a severe limitation to rapid deployment and employment of forces.

5. Definitions. See Glossary.

6. Responsibilities. See Enclosure A.

7. Summary of Changes. This document was updated as an administrative annual review. The title of the instruction changed from CJCSI 3220.01 to CJCSI 3320.01 to align it with other spectrum management manuals and instructions. All references to the Joint Commander's Electronic Warfare Staff (JCEWS) function, or the C2W Cell, were changed to Information Operations Cell (IO Cell) to reflect current nomenclature. References were updated to reflect current documents.

8. Releasability. This instruction is approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. DOD components, combatant commands, other Federal agencies, and the public may obtain copies of this instruction through the internet from the CJCS Directives home Page: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine. Copies are also available through the Government Printing Office on the Joint Electronic Library CD-ROM.

9. Effective Date. This instruction is effective upon receipt.

For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:
C.W. FLULFORD, JR.
Lieutenant General, Marine Corps
Director, Joint Staff

Enclosures:
A - Responsibilities
B - References
Glossary

DISTRIBUTION

Copies

Distribution A, B, C, J plus the following:

Director, Joint Warfighting Center 2
Commander, Joint Spectrum Center 5
Course Director, Interservice Radio Frequency Management School 25
Branch Chief, Battlefield Spectrum Course 25

ENCLOSURE A

RESPONSIBILITIES

1. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff will:

a. Provide policy oversight on development of a joint standard for exchange of spectrum assignment data.
b. Identify, assess, and recommend measures to ensure that electromagnetic spectrum use is mutually supporting and effective in joint and combined operations.

2. CINCs with Geographic Areas of Responsibility (AORs) will:

a. Establish command-specific policy and guidance for electromagnetic spectrum use situations that uniquely apply to their area.
b. Establish a standing frequency management structure, to include a JFMO, and procedures to support planned and ongoing operations. Specific actions will be taken to:
(1) Ensure OPLANs and communications plans (COMPLANs) address coordination among forces using spectrum to enable effective exchange of information, eliminate duplication of effort, and achieve mutual support.
(2) Ensure plans address any necessary augmentation of the JFMO to support the effort.
(3) Resolve user conflicts not resolved at a lower level.
(4) Maintain close contact with appropriate foreign military forces to ensure that mutual spectrum support is considered in combined planning, operations, training, and exercises.

c. Function as controlling authority for the Joint Communications -Electronics Operation Instructions.
d. The CINC J-6 (JFMO) will:
(1) Develop and distribute spectrum assignment plans for particular frequency bands, as appropriate.
(2) Participate in the Information Operation Cell (IO Cell). Prepare the JRFL input for communications support systems. Combine J-2, J-3, and J-6 inputs to develop a proposed TRFL for approval by the CINC J-3.
(3) Periodically update and distribute the JRFL.
(4) Provide administrative and technical support for military spectrum use.
(5) Exercise or delegate frequency assignment authority.
(6) Maintain the common data base necessary for planning, coordinating, and controlling spectrum use. This data base contains spectrum assignment information on all friendly military and civilian, available enemy, and neutral emitters and receivers appropriate for the AOR involved.
(7) Analyze and evaluate potential spectrum assignment conflicts.
(8) Assist and coordinate the resolution of spectrum assignment conflicts as a member of the Information Operation (IO Cell).
(9) In accordance with CINC J-5 guidance, coordinate military spectrum use with the spectrum authority of the host nation(s) involved, in coordination with the US Embassy DATT, when appropriate.
(10) Be the focal point for inclusion of spectrum use considerations in the JOPES.
(11) Receive reports, analyze, attempt to resolve incidents of unacceptable EMI, act as the focal point for requesting interference resolution support from the Joint Spectrum Center (JSQ, and provide guidance for resolving radio frequency interference problems at the lowest level in the chain of command in accordance with reference k. Report all EMI incidents that cannot be resolved to the JSC for resolution as described in reference k, Enclosure B, paragraph 4. All electronic attack and persistent, recurring radio frequency interference problems will be reported to the JSC in a timely manner to support resolution of interference problems, trend analysis, development of lessons learned, and inputs to the DOD Indications and Warning System.
(12) Participate in the joint C2W Cell to ensure that the spectrum architecture supports the Joint Staff s C2W plans and that the use of the spectrum is coordinated among the five C2W elements.
(13) Support operations as a member of the IO Cell.

e. The CINC J-3 will:
(1) Establish the IO Cell in accordance with (IAVV) reference p and C2W Cell IAW reference o.
(2) Provide spectrum assignment considerations to CINC J-6 for inclusion in the JOPES.
(3) Resolve internal spectrum assignment conflicts (J-3 systems) which the JFMO or IO Cell are unable to resolve.
(4) Provide the concept of operation.
(5) Establish the priority of mission functions.
(6) Identify and resolve potential E3 hazards to ordnance. Act as the focal point for requesting ordnance assist team support from the JSC.

f. The CINC J-2 will:
(1) Participate in the IO Cell and assess and provide CINC J-6 with prioritized spectrum assignment requirements that support intelligence operations.
(2) Resolve internal spectrum assignment conflicts (J-2 systems).
(3) Participate in multifunctional user spectrum assignment conflict resolution.
(4) Provide JRFL input to JFMO.
(5) Provide, in coordination with the Director, National Security Agency, the national SIGINT authority and make available actual enemy spectrum use data in accordance with data release constraints.
(6) Include spectrum use considerations in the JOPES.
(7) Assist the CINC J-6 in determining the sources of any unacceptable EMI or other persistent and recurring interference.

g. The CINC J-5 will establish channels for the negotiation of military use of the spectrum with any nation involved in a joint or combined military operation, or within whose territory US forces may be operating where procedures do not already exist.

3. The Joint Task Force (JTF) Commander will:

a. For operations within a CINC AOR, follow electromagnetic spectrum use policy and guidance established by the CINC.
b. Work with the CINC staff if modifications are necessary for a specific electromagnetic spectrum use situation.
c. For operations outside a CINC AOR, assume the responsibilities listed for the CINC in paragraph 2 of this enclosure.
d. Coordinate with the supporting CINCs to determine what functions their staffs must undertake to control use of the electromagnetic spectrum and what outside support is available.

4. The Services will:

a. Ensure that personnel assigned to the CINC and JTF frequency management billets are properly trained and have adequate security clearances to operate in the joint environment.
b. Equip and train frequency management personnel to operate the DOD-wide standard spectrum management information system to plan, coordinate, and control electromagnetic spectrum use at the Service, CINC JFMO, and JTF levels.

5. Defense Agencies and Other Joint Activities will:

a. Establish internal policy and procedures consistent with this instruction.
b. Include spectrum use considerations in the JOPES.

6. The Director National Security Agency/Chief, Central Security Service, as principal SIGINT and information systems security (INFOSEC) adviser to the Secretary of Defense, Director of Central Intelligence, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is responsible for:

a. Executing the INFOSEC responsibilities of the Secretary of Defense in support of electromagnetic spectrum use.
b. Provide SIGINT support for spectrum use efforts of CINCs and other commanders designated by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in accordance with their expressed formal requirements.
c. Within appropriate classification guidelines, provide target frequency data and JRFL input to JFMO to ensure maximum protection from friendly interference or EW against vital SIGINT targets.

7. The Director, DIA, is responsible for:

a. Participating with the Joint Staff in development and maintenance of a data base to support use of the electromagnetic spectrum in joint operations.
b. Participating with the Joint Staff in developing and maintaining a minimum subset of data to be used by all functional areas in passing spectrum use parameters.

8. The Commander, Joint Spectrum Center, under the operational direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (Joint Staff/J-6), will:

a. Develop, maintain, and distribute electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) data, spectrum engineering tools, and EMC analysis models.
b. Provide spectrum management, interference resolution, and E3 support, and direct support teams to ClNC/JTF commanders.
c. As requested, review E3 and spectrum management aspects of operational plans.
d. Develop and manage a DOD-wide standard joint spectrum management system for planning, coordinating, and controlling electromagnetic spectrum use in joint military operations. Assist the Services in ensuring full interoperability between the joint and Service spectrum management systems.

9. Spectrum Users will:

a. Obtain frequency use authorization for each use of the electromagnetic spectrum through their appropriate joint force component.
b. Use frequencies as assigned and operate systems according to parameters authorized by the frequency certification and assignment processes.
c. Coordinate any need to exceed or operate outside the parameters authorized through the appropriate joint force component.
d. Ensure the emitting equipment is properly maintained to preclude unintentional violation of authorized spectrum use parameters.
e. Report incidents of unacceptable EMI to the appropriate joint force component or to the joint force JFMO.

ENCLOSURE B

REFERENCES

a. DODD 3222.3, 20 August 1990, "Department of Defense Electromagnetic Compatibility Program"

b. DODD 4650.1, 24 June 1987, "Management and Use of the Radio Frequency Spectrum"

c. DODI 5000.1, 23 February 1991, "Defense Acquisition"

d. DODD 5000.2, 23 February 1991, "Defense Acquisition Management Policies and Procedures"

e. DODD 5000.2M, 23 February 1991, "DOD Manual Defense Acquisition Management Documentation and Reports"

f. DODD 5100.35, 6 May 1985, "Military Communications-Electronics Board"

g. CJCSI 3210.03, 22 November 1996, "Joint Electronic Warfare Policy"

h. CJCSI 3213.01A, 1 December 1997, "Joint Operations Security"

i. CJCSI 3220.01, June 1997, "Electromagnetic Spectrum Use in Joint Military Operations"

j. CJCSI 3320.02A, 1 December 1999, "Joint Spectrum Interference Resolution
(JSIR)"

k. CJCSI 3320-02- 1 (S), 1 December 1999, "Classified Supplement to Joint Spectrum Interference Resolution (JSIR)"

CJCSM 3220.01, July 1997, changed to CJCSM 3320.01, 6 January 2000, "Joint Operations in the Electromagnetic Battlespace"

l. CJCS MOP 7, 30 January 1990, changed to CJCSI 3100.01,1 September 1999, "Joint Strategic Planning System"

m. CJCS MOP 54, 20 November 1990, "Joint and Combined Communications Security", changed to CJCSI 6510.01B, 22 August 1997, Defense Information Warfare Implementation"

n. Joint Pub 1-02, 23 March 1994, "Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms"

o. Joint Pub 3-13.1, 7 February 1996, "Joint Doctrine for Command and Control Warfare" to be changed to Tactics, Techniques, Procedures for Information Operations (Draft)

p. Joint Pub 3-5 1, June 199 1, "Electronic Warfare in Joint Military Operations" to be changed to "Joint Doctrine for Electronic Warfare"

q. MIL-STD-46 1 D, 11 January 1993, "Electromagnetic Emission and Susceptibility Requirements for Control of Electromagnetic Interference"

r. MIL-E-605 1 D, 7 September 1967, "Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements Systems"

GLOSSARY

electromagnetic spectrum. Range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from zero to infinity. (Joint Pub 1-02)

spectrum management. Planning, coordinating, and managing joint use of electromagnetic spectrum through operational, engineering, and administrative procedures with the objective of enabling electronic systems to perform their functions within intended environments without causing or suffering unacceptable interference.

electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Ability of systems, equipment, and devices that utilize the electromagnetic spectrum to operate in their intended operational environments without suffering unacceptable degradation or causing unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic radiation or response. Involves application of sound electromagnetic spectrum management, system, equipment, and device design configuration that ensures interference-free operation and clear concepts and doctrines that maximize operational effectiveness.

electromagnetic environmental effects (E3). Impact of the electromagnetic environment upon operational capability of military forces, equipment, systems, and platforms. Encompasses all electromagnetic disciplines, including electromagnetic compatibility/ interference, electromagnetic vulnerability, electromagnetic pulse, hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel, ordnance, and volatile materials, and natural phenomena effects of lightning and p-static.

electromagnetic interference (EMI). Any disturbance interrupting, obstructing, or otherwise degrading or limiting the effective performance of electronics or electrical equipment. Can be induced intentionally, as in EW, or unintentionally, through spurious emissions/responses, intermodulation products, or the like. (Joint Pub 102)

electronic warfare (EW). Any military action involving the use of electromagnetic energy or directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. (Joint Pub 1-02)

frequency assignment. Authorization to use a specific frequency under specified conditions.

telecommunications. Any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writings, images, sounds, or information of any nature by wire, radio, visual, or other electromagnetic systems. (Joint Pub 1-02)

joint force commander. CINC or JTF commander designated to conduct an operation by NCA.

CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT
CHIEFS OF STAFF
INSTRUCTION

CJCSI 3320.02A
1 December 1999

J-6
DISTRIBUTION: A, B, C, J, S

JOINT SPECTRUM INTERFERENCE RESOLUTION (JSIR)

References(s):

a. DOD Directive 3222.3, 20 August 1990, "Department of Defense Electromagnetic Compatibility Program (EMCP)"
b. DOD Directive 4650.1, 24 June 1987, "Management and Use of the Radio Frequency Spectrum"
c. CJCS Manual 3220.01, Series, "Joint Operations in the Electromagnetic Battlespace"
d. CJCS Instruction 3220.01, Series, "Electromagnetic Spectrum Use in Joint Military Operations"

1. Purpose. To provide policy and guidance for reporting, identifying, evaluating, and controlling electromagnetic interference to achieve a goal of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) betweenjoint Service and combatant command operations and space systems.

2. Cancellation. CJCSI 3320.02, 13 June 1997, is cancelled.

3. Applicability. This instruction is applicable to the Military Departments (to include the US Coast Guard), unified commands, Service component commands, joint task forces, combined commands, sub-unified commands, and Defense agencies (hereafter referred to as the DOD components). The DOD components will develop procedures for implementing this instruction. Local reproduction is authorized.

4. Policy. In addition to policy guidance given in references a, b, c, and d, the following is CJCS-specific guidance:

a. Assured access to the electromagnetic spectrum is vital to DOD operations worldwide. Procedures for detecting, reporting, and resolving current operational radio frequency interference problems are a prerequisite to ensuring DOD access to the electromagnetic spectrum when and where it is needed.
b. The DOD components will resolve radio frequency interference problems at the lowest possible level in the chain of command. Those incidents that cannot be resolved locally will be referred up the chain of command and resolution attempted at each level. Incidents that cannot be resolved by the DOD components will be tasked to the Joint Spectrum Center (JSC) for resolution.

5. Definitions. None.

6. Responsibilities. See Enclosure A.

7. Summary of Changes. The original CJCSI 3320.02 was a SECRET document. This instruction is unclassified to ensure that more users in the field received the information contained in the document. CJCSI 3320.02-01 is SECRET. The DOD components will resolve radio frequency interference problems at the lowest possible level in the chain of command. Those incidents that cannot be resolved locally will be referred up the chain of command and resolution attempted at each level. Incidents that cannot be resolved by the DOD components will be tasked to the Joint Spectrum Center (JSC) for resolution.

8. Releasability. This instruction is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DOD components (to include the combatant commands), other Federal agencies, and the public may obtain copies of this instruction through the Internet from the CJCS Directives Home Page: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine. Copies are also available through the Government Printing Office on the Joint Electronic Library CD-ROM.

9. Effective Date. This instruction is effective upon receipt.

For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:
C.W. FULFORD, JR.
Lieutenant General, Marine Corps
Director, Joint Staff

Enclosure(s):
A - Joint Spectrum Interference Resolution Program
Appendix A - JSIR Security Classification Guide

DISTRIBUTION

Distribution A, B, C, and J plus the following (Number of copies):

Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence) 2

Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs) Director, Central Intelligence Agency 2

Director, Defense Intelligence Agency 2

Director, National Security Agency 2

National Reconnaissance Office 2

Director, Defense Information Systems Agency 2

Director, Joint Interoperability and Engineering Organization 2

Commandant, US Coast Guard 2

Commander in Chief, Forces Command 2

Commander in Chief, United Nations Command 2

Director, Information Systems for Command, Control, Communications, and Computers, US Army 2

Director, Space and Electronic Warfare, US Navy 2

Deputy Chief of Staff, Command, Control, Communications, and Computers, US Air Force 2

Assistant Chief of Staff, Command, Control, Communications, Computer, and Intelligence Systems, US Marine Corps 2

Commander in Chief, US Strategic Command 2

Commander, HQ USSPACECOM/J33/J6. Peterson AFB, CO 2

Commander, Joint Spectrum Center 2

Joint Information Operations Center, San Antonio, TX 2

Chief, USA C-E Services Office (SFIS-FAC-SC), Alexandria, VA 2

Army Frequency Coordinator, Central US (SFIS-FAC-SC), Ft. Sam Houston, TX 2

Army Frequency Coordinator, MDW (USAISE, ATTN: ASNK-OPB), Ft. McNair, Washington, D.C . 2

DOD Area Frequency Coordinator (SFIS-FAC-SS), White Sands Missile Range, NM 2'

DOD Area Frequency Coordinator, Nellis AFB, NV 2

DOD Area Frequency Coordinator, Puerto Rico, FPO Miami 2

DOD Area Frequency Coordinator, State of Arizona (SFIS-FAC-SH), Ft. Huachuca, AZ 2

DOD Area Frequency Coordinator (EAFC), Patrick AFB, FL 2 DOD Gulf Area Frequency Coordinator (SCZ), Eglin AFB, FL 2

DOD Western Area Frequency Coordinator, Pt. Mugu, CA 2

Battlefield Spectrum Management Course 30

Interservice Radio Frequency Management School 30

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page

Table of Contents

ENCLOSURE A GENERAL INFORMATION A-1

Appendix A A-A- 1

ENCLOSURE A

JOINT SPECTRUM INTERFERENCE RESOULUTION PROGRAM

1. Program Description. The JSIR Program was established in October 1992 by the Department of Defense to address persistent and recurring interference problems in joint operations, those between civil and DOD systems and those involving space systems. It was designed as a replacement for the electromagnetic interference portion of the former DOD Meaconing, Intrusion, Jamming, and Interference (MIJI) Program, disestablished 30 June 1992, that was administered by the Joint Electronic Warfare Center (JEWC).

a. Whereas the focus of the MIJI Program was on the reporting of potentially hostile EW attacks against US military systems, the focus of the JSIR Program is primarily on the reporting, analysis, and resolution of persistent, recurring, non-hostile interference incidents affecting US military systems. The JSIR Program is structured to have interference incidents resolved at the lowest feasible level of the DOD component chain of command using component organic resources to resolve interference incidents where possible. Those incidents that cannot be resolved locally are referred up the chain of command with resolution attempted at each level.
b. This document provides supplementary information (see DOD Directive C-3222.5 for further information) regarding the reporting and resolution of suspected hostile electronic attacks against DOD systems. Electronic Attack is divided into three categories:
1. Meaconing -- A system of receiving radio beacon signals and rebroadcasting them on the same frequency to confuse navigation. The meaconing stations cause inaccurate bearings to be obtained by aircraft or ground stations.
2. Intrusion -- The intentional insertion of electromagnetic energy into transmission paths in any manner with the objective of deceiving operators or causing confusion.
3. Jamming -- The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of electromagnetic energy for the purpose of preventing or reducing an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum, with the intent of degrading or neutralizing the enemy's combat capability.

c. If the interference incident cannot be resolved by the affected DOD component or the Service engineering agency responsible for spectrum interference resolution, it is referred to the JSC JSIR Office for resolution in accordance with applicable DOD component spectrum interference resolution program instructions. Interference incidents that are suspected to be caused by hostile electronic attack will be assessed at the lowest possible level in the chain of command and reported to the JSC (for more information see CJCSI 3320.01-1(S) Joint Spectrum Interference Resolution (JSIR) Secret Supplement). If assistance is requested for electronic attack incidents, the JSC will coordinate analysis, collection, and field support activities with the National Military Command Center, Joint Staff, affected theater commander, information operations (IO), and intelligence communities.

2. Responsibilities. Identified below are responsibilities for specific DOD components. Additionally, all DOD components will provide internal directions and procedures to implement the other responsibilities of the directive.

a. DOD JSC will:
(1) Manage the DOD JSIR Program in accordance with guidance from the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence) and the Director for Command, Control, Communications. and Computer Systems (J-6), Joint Staff.
(2) Resolve persistent, recurring interference problems that cannot be resolved by the DOD components. The JSC will assist the DOD components in resolving interference incidents after the incident has been coordinated and resolution attempted up the chain of command to major or combatant command or CINC level. The JSC will analyze and recommend corrective action for reported interference problems by first using the JSC and JSIR databases and other analytical tools, and then, if needed, by providing personnel and equipment to perform on-site direction finding and equipment testing. The organization requesting JSIR services will be provided a report of the results of the JSIR analysis and appropriate information will be incorporated into the JSIR database.
(3) Assist USSPACECOM's Space Control Center (SCC) in the resolution of interference problems affecting DOD space systems, to include spacecraft, ground control sites, and associated user terminals.
(4) Develop and maintain the JSIR database, interference resolution tools (e.g., Spectrum XXI), direction finding (1317), and spectrum monitoring equipment. The JSC will maintain an automated database of interference incidents, resolutions, and lessons learned for all the past MIJI reports and for all interference reports addressed to the JSC. This database will support trend analysis and future interference analyses.
(5) Coordinate analysis of interference incidents involving suspected hostile electronic attack with the cognizant members of the National Military Command Center, Joint Staff, affected CINC, IO, and intelligence communities. See Appendix A.
(6) Keep the DOD component interference resolution program offices of primary responsibility (OPRs) informed of interference incidents affecting systems under their cognizance.

b. DOD Components will:
(1) Attempt to resolve persistent, recurring interference problems affecting systems under their auspices at the lowest echelon possible within their chain of command. Forward interference problems that cannot be resolved up the chain of command for resolution assistance. Interference incidents that cannot be resolved will be referred to the JSC JSIR Office for assistance.
(2) Attempt to resolve suspected hostile electronic attacks affecting systems under their auspices at the lowest echelon possible within their chain of command. Rapidly report incidents involving suspected or confirmed hostile electronic attack to the JSC. The report will indicate whether assistance is required. See Appendix A.
(3) Provide information copies of interference incident reports to the JSC JSIR Office for inclusion in the JSIR database.
(4) Develop procedures for implementing this instruction and provide a copy of all implementing policy documents to the JSC for reference.
(5) Provide an interference point of contact to the JSC for the promulgation and coordination of interference incidents and policy.

c. USSPACECOM, Space Control Center (SCC), will:
(1) Act as focal point for all incidents of interference and electronic attack affecting DOD space systems, to include spacecraft, ground control sites, and associated user terminals.
(2) When necessary, request assistance from the JSC in the resolution of interference or electronic attack.

d. Electronic addresses for specific points of contact in each of the Military Departments are as follows:
(1) Army: DA WASHINGTON DC//SAIS-PAS-M//
(2) Navy: NAVEMSCEN WASHINGTON DC//
(3) Air Force: AFFMA ALEXANDRIA VA//CC/SCM//
(4) Marine Corps: CMC WASHINGTON DC//C41/CS//
(5) Coast Guard: CMDT COGARD WASHINGTON DC//G-ODO//

APPENDIX A TO ENCLOSURE A

JSIR SECURITY CLASSIFICATION GUIDE

Security classification of interference incidents /reports is determined principally by nationality and location of the implied or stated source of the interference and the security sensitivity of the affected military system. Stations located in combat areas or having a sensitive military mission generally must classify all interference reports. The following are guidelines for classifying interference incidents and reports:

a. The specific identification of an unfriendly platform or location by country or coordinates as the source of interference or electronic attack will be classified as SECRET, Reason: 1.5(c), Declassify on: X1.
b. Specific susceptibility or vulnerability of US electronic equipment/systems will be classified at a minimum level of SECRET, Reason: 1.5(g), Declassify on: X3. The classification guide for the affected system should be consulted for specific guidance.
c. Parametric data of classified US electronic equipment/systems will be classified in accordance with the classification guide for the equipment affected. Classify correspondence equal to the security category assigned to the affected system.
d. Suspected interference from unidentified sources while operating in or near hostile countries will be classified SECRET, Reason: 1.5(g), Declassify: 10 years from date of incident.
e. Interference to US electromagnetic equipment/systems caused by EA exercises in foreign nations will be classified as CONFIDENTIAL, Reason: 1.5(g), Declassify on: X5.
f. Suspected interference from friendly sources will be treated as UNCLASSIFIED unless it reveals a specific system vulnerability, in which case it will be classified at a minimum level of SECRET. Reason: 1. 5 (c), Declassify on: X3.
g. When referring to JSIR and stating that JSIR analyses are a function of the JSC, reports will be UNCLASSIFIED.

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