16 September 2000. Thanks to Anonymous.
See related Chapter 226, Interviews: http://cryptome.org/doj-igm-226.htm
[39 pages.]
| U.S. Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General |
INSPECTOR GENERAL MANUAL Volume III - Investigations
Chapter 232 |
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A. The Assistant Inspector General for Investigations
B. The Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Investigations
C. Special Agents in Charge
D. Assistant Special Agents in Charge
E. Special Agents
A. Permissible Situations
B. Liabilities
A. Preplanning
B. Making the Arrest
C. Search Incident to Arrest
D. Transporting Arrestees
A. Juveniles
B. Interviewing
C. Obtaining Personal History
D. Photographing
E. Fingerprinting
F. Personal Effects
G. Initial Appearance
H. Reporting the Arrest
I. Arrest Statistics
J. Foreign Nationals
APPENDIX A (Arrest, Prosecution, and sentencing Report)
APPENDIX B (Personal History Report)
APPENDIX C (Sample Fingerprint Card and R84)
Distribution AD REVISED August 19, 1994
232.1 Purpose. This chapter is issued to establish policy and procedures for making an arrest, with or without a warrant.
232.2 Scope. Provisions of this chapter apply to Special Agents in the Investigations Division, Office of the Inspector General (OIG).
232.3 Authority. This chapter is issued pursuant to the authority contained in the Inspector General Act of 1978, 5 U.S.C. app., as amended by the Inspector General Act Amendments of 1988, Pub. L. No.100-504, 102 Stat.2515 and Attorney General Order 1393-96, dated January 29, 1990.
232.4 Policy.It is the policy of the OIG that when the need to make an arrest is reasonably foreseeable, a warrant shall be obtained and the arrest shall be made in accordance with the provisions of P.L. 95-452; P.L. 100-504; Rules 3, 4, 5 and 9 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (18 U.S.C.); Attorney General order 1393-90; and this Chapter.
A. An arrest is the apprehending or restraining of a person to insure his/her presence to answer the charges upon which the arrest is based.B. A stop is a limited restraint on a suspect's freedom of movement for the purpose of building probable cause or reducing suspi.cion.
C. A contact is a request for cooperation under circumstances where the suspect is free-to leave.
D. Probable cause is that set of facts or apparent facts which would lead a reasonable, cautious, and prudent person to believe that the person to be arrested committed the offense charged.
E. Reasonable force is broadly defined as that amount of force necessary to protect the arresting offficers and innocent bystanders.
F. A warrant of arrest is a legal process issued by a judicial officer commanding the taking into custody of the person named within the warrant.
232.6 Responsibilities. The responsibilities of officials and staff of the OIG are as follows.
A. The Assistant Inspector General for Investigations (AIGI) is responsible for developing policies and procedures to assure proper exercise of law enforcement authorities by Special Agents in making arrests.B. The Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Investigations (DAIGI) is responsible for general oversight of compliance with this chapter through the Special Agent in Charge. The DAIGI is responsible for reviewing complaints, arrest warrants and arrest plans to ensure that they are handled according to this Chapter. The DAIGI is responsible for notification to the Department of Justice (DOJ) Security and Emergency Planning Staff (SEPS) of all arrests of DOJ employees, upon receipt of Arrest Report (See Appendix A). The DAIGI is also responsible for notifying consulates or embassies in accordance with Section 232.10(I) when foreign nationals are arrested.
C. Special Agents in Charge (SAC) are responsible for ensuring that Special Agents comply with OIG policy and procedures when making arrests, and approving each request for an arrest warrant for which probable cause exists. SACs will notify the DAIGI when an arrest has been made.
D. Assistant Special Agents in Charge (ASAC) are responsible for the following:
(1) Ensuring that a copy of each complaint or indictment and arrest warrant is filed in the corresponding case file.(2) Ensuring that warrant data is provided to the DAiGi for entry to, and subsequent removal from, the National Crime Information Center (NCIC).
(3) Analyzing each Agent request for an arrest warrafit, and forwarding it to the SAC for approval.
(4) Ensuring that the execution of each arrest warrant is carefully planned.
(5) Notifying the SAC upon the execution of an arrest warrant.
(6) Notifying the SAC when a foreign national has been arrested.
E. Special Agents (SA) are responsible for the following:
(1) Discussing when the facts of an investigation support a finding of probable cause, discussing with the ASAC the advisability of obtaining an arrest warrant.(2) Making arrests without warrants only when absolutely necessary and legally permissible.
(3) Determining and complying with rules of the local U.S. Attorney, the U.S. Marshals Service, and the U.S. District Court regarding arrests.
(4) Planning carefully the execution of the arrest warrant taking into consideration safety, prisoner transportation and detention, and coordination with local law enforcement authorities.
(5) Using only that amount of force reasonably necessary to effect an arrest.
(6) Processing the arrestee before transportation to a magistrate. This will include the following:
a. Taking fingerprints.b. Taking photographs.
c. Completing a Personal History Summary.
d. Thoroughly searching the subject for weapons and evidence.
e. Completing an inventory of the subject's personal possessions.
f. Interviewing the defendant.
NOTE: When an arrestee refuses to cooperate with the processing procedures, obtain a court order from the U.S. Magistrate compelling compliance.
(7) Notifying the ASAC when a foreign national has been arrested.
232.7 Arrest Without Warrant. This procedure may subject the person making the arrest to civil liability for false imprisonment or false arrest. In the absence of a statute limiting a federal officer's power to arrest without a warrant, that,officer has the same powers of arrest as a private citizen. Therefore, Agents should use extreme caution in acting as arresting "citizens" and should be familiar with the arrest laws of the locality where they are acting.
A. Permissible Situations. Unless instructed otherwise by the U.S. Attorney, warrantless arrests will only be made in the following circumstances:(1) Probable cause exists that the subject:a. Has committed or is committing a felony offense; orb. Is committing a misdemeanor in the Agent's presence; and
(2) There is insufficient time to obtain a warrant.
OR
(3) Any alien who in the Agent's presence enters or attempts to enter the United States in violation of any law or regulation regarding the admission, exclusion, or expulsion of aliens, or to arrest any alien reasonably believed to be in violation of such law or regulation and likely to escape before a warrant can be obtained, when necessary for the investigation of any violation of the immigration laws in which an employee of the Immigration & Naturalization Service (INS) is suspected to be implicated, any violation of the standards of conduct applicable to employees of the INS, or any fraud, waste, and abuse with respect to the programs and operations of the INS.
B. Liabilities. In instances of false arrest, the United States does not incur any liability. However, the arresting Agent may incur a penalty of monetary damages in a tort action for false arrest, false imprisonment, or assault and battery, depending on the circumstances surrounding the tort. Additionally, there are Civil Rights considerations which could come into play.
A. Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure authorizes the issuance of an arrest (or search) warrant by any Federal magistrate or judge of a state court of record within the district wherein the person (or property) sought is located. In practice, warrants will be obtained from a Federal judge or magistrate after full coordination with the U.S. Attorney's Office (or, for state prosecutions, from a state judge or magistrate after full coordination with the state prosecutor).B. The judge or magistrate will issue a warrant upon showing sufficient probable cause. This showing can be in the form of a complaint, an affidavit, testimony before a grand jury, or, should circumstances dictate, oral or telephone testimony before the judge or magistrate. The approach chosen in a particular instance will be decided by the prosecuting attorney.
C. Although not a requirement, the complaint will generally be filed in the judicial district having venue.
D. complaints generlally will be prepared on forms supplied by the U.S. Attorneys' Offices. However, use of these forms is not mandatory.
E. The complaint, affidavit, testimony, etc. must state:
(1) The identity of the subject by full name if known, or by any name or description by which he can be identified with reasonable certainty.(2) The specific statutory citation involved.
(3) The statement of probable cause, limited to facts refined so as to present clear and persuasive evidence.
F. The guiding principle in setting forth probable cause is to clearly demonstrate that an offense has been committed by this individual. Do not include any conclusions which are not specifically supported by facts. Evidence not stated in the complaint cannot be introduced after the fact to bolster probable cause.
G. Probable cause need not be based on the personal knowledge of the complainant. Hearsay is acceptable if each such fact is attributed to its source. If the source is a confidential informant, an appraisal of his/her reliability, plus corroborative facts, must be included.
A. Preplanning.(1) Unless the arrest must be made out of spontaneous circumstances, it will be thoroughly coordinated with the U.S. Attorney's office (or other prosecutor) beforehand.(2) Unless the arrest must be made out of spontaneous circumstances, it will be thoroughly preplanned beforehand. Preplanning will be led by the ASAC and include at least the following points.
a. If the ASAC will not be present at the arrest, he/she will designate a Special Agent to be in charge at the scene.b. All defendants will be considered at least potentially armed and dangerous.
c. Barring unusual circumstances, the local police should be notified that an arrest will be made in their jurisdiction. Preferably, their active assistance should be sought. This could also include notifying the military police for an arrest on a military base (e.g., where a Bureau of Prisons facility is located on a base).
d. Insofar as possible, defendants should be located and kept under surveillance once the process to obtain the warrant has begun. in this manner, the warrant can be executed expeditiously, and the arrest can be made under more controlled circumstances.
e. Once issued, an arrest warrant should generally be executed promptly. This does not mean, however, that the defendant must be arrested on sight.
f. An arrest should not be attempted by a single Agent. At least two should participate, with provision for additional backup support so as to ensure physical superiority, the covering of all exits from a premises, etc. Safety of all involved must be a primary concern.
g. Based on the circumstances,. planning should focus on the best means of executing the warrant quickly, quietly, and with minimal chance of violence. Ideally, this would be in a location where the defendant is in plain view, out of the company of associates, and with few, if any, bystanders present.
h. An Agent may, in order to effect the arrest, enter a defendant's residence if there is reasonable belief the defendant is present. before such entry, an Agent must give, or make a reasonable effort to give, notice of his/her authority and purpose to the occupant. However, if the defendant is in the private residence of a third party not hamed in the arrest warrant, the Agent cannot enter that residence without first obtaining a search warrant for the residence. The only exceptions to this are where the third party consents, or where the circumstances are exigent (Steagald vs. U.S., 101 S.Ct. 1642 (1981).
i. The least desirable location to make the arrest is where the defendant is in a vehicle, and this will be resorted to only when no other possibilities exist. If an arrest under these conditions cannot be avoided, use of uniformed local police in a marked police vehicle is strongly recommended.
j. Insofar as possible, the Agents who will make the arrest should have the warrant in their possession. This is OIG policy rather than a legal requirement.
B. Making the Arrest.
(1) The conduct of the arresting Agents has a distinct bearing on the defendant's reaction to being arrested. The Agents will clearly display their badges or credentials, and, in a confident, forceful manner, inform the defendant that:a. They are Federal officers; andb. He/she is under arrest for violation of Federal law. (A general statement of the charge is sufficient at this point).
(2) In some cases, the use of "raid" jackets should be used for easy identification, especially in multiple arrest situations where a number of police officers and/or defendants might be involved.
(3) The defendant will be informed of his/her Miranda rights. If the defendant chooses to waive these rights, it will be documented on OIG Form III-226/1 at the time the defendant is being processed (See 232.10 below). If the defendant does not waive his/her rights, the Memorandum of Investigation detailing the arrest will include a statement as to what rights the defendant was advised of and any witnessing Agents.
(4) The defendant will be searched incident to arrest (see 232.9 C below) and handcuffed behind the back. Handcuffing is mandatory in all instances.
(5) Should the defendant resist arrest, attempt to f lee, or attempt to destroy evidence, then reasonable force may be used to restrain him/her. The use of unreasonable force may lead to the dismissal of the charges, as well as civil and/or criminal action against the Agents.
(6) Firearms may only be fired in self-defense or the defense of others, not to prevent flight or destruction of evidence. (See OIG Firearms Policy, Volume III, Chapter 201.)
(7) If there is probable cause to believe the defendant is inside a premises, the Agents must knock, announce their identity and purpose in a loud and clear manner, and wait a "reasonable amount of time" for the door to open. The precise definition of this term will vary with circumstances; however, in the absence of any mitigating factor, it must be the amount of time necessary to reach the door from the furthest part of the premises. After waiting a reasonable amount of time, or at any point where there is an indicatian that evidence is being destroyed or the defendant is taking flight or defensive action, entry may be forced. (See A(2)(h) above regarding the need for a search warrant if the defendant is located in the private residence of a third party.) Arrest warrant planning in this circumstance should include having immediately available implements in order to make forced entry if necessary.
C. Search Incident to Arrest.
(1) Search incident to arrest, without benefit of a separate search warrant, is permissible as long as it is done within certain legal parameters. The basis for this warrantless search is that the defendant may be in possession of a concealed weapon or evidence, and may, within the confines of the arrest, move to use the weapon or destroy the evidence.(2) It is legally permissible to search the defendant's person, as well as any things in the area of his/her immediate environment, which could serve as a place of concealment and to which he/she could have quick and ready access.
(3) Along with placing the defendant under arrest, he/she will be frisked for weapons or evidence. This will also include examining the contents of any containers or packages in the defendant's immediate possession. The frisk is permissible as long as it is done in a reasonable manner, and should be performed by a member of the same sex as the defendant. Care should be taken when conducting a frisk so as to be aware of any needles, blades, etc. on the person.
(4) Where an entry to the premises has been made to effect the arrest, a cursory inspection of the entire premises may be made for the exclusive purpose of assuring the safety of the arresting Agents. This cursory inspection may not include examining places or things that could not reasonably conceal a person.
(5) If the defendant is arrested in a vehicle, the incident search may encompass the entire passenger compartment and any container located therein.
(6) Weapons, evidence, or contraband found in a search incident to arrest will be handled in accordance with Chapter 234.
(7) The defendant will be given an OIG Form III-233/2 (Receipt) for any personal property held for safekeeping.
D. Transporting Arrestees.
(1) Arrestees should be transported from the scene of arrest to the OIG office or other processing facility as soon as possible.(2) in transporting an arrestee by vehicle, the following guidelines shall apply.
a. The arrestee will be thoroughly searched beforehand.b. The arrestee should be placed in the rear seat, after having first carefully checked the rear seat to ensure there is nothing present that could be used as a weapon or means of escape.
c. The arrestee will remain handcuffed behind the back throughout the trip. However, he/she will not be handcuffed to a fixed object.
d. At least two Agents, and no more than two arrestees will be present in a single vehicle. If one arrestee is being transported, he/she will.be placed in the rear seat opposite the driver. The Agent who is not driving will sit in the rear seat with the arrestee, behind the driver. If two arrestees are being transported, both will be placed in the rear seat. The Agent not driving will sit in the right front seat and will maintain general observation of the arrestees during transport. Where more defendants are arrested than can be safely transported, assistance should be sought from local authorities.
e. Conversation between arrestees should be prevented or controlled.
f. Once transporting has begun, the vehicle will proceed directly to its destination.
(3) In transporting a prisoner on a commercial airline, the following guidelines shall apply.
a. The proposed action must be fully coordinated with the airline as far in advance as possible.b. At least two Agents for one prisoner will be used. If two prisoners are transported, a minimum of three Agents will be used. At least one of the Agents will be of the same sex as the prisoner.
c. The prisoner will be thoroughly searched beforehand.
d. The prisoner and escorts should board before and deplane after other passengers.
e. Theprisoner should be placed in the rearmost row of seats (but not adjacent to an exit), positioned between the two escorts.
f. The prisoner normally will not be handcuffed while the aircraft is in flight, but handcuffs will be available for use if necessary. Handcuffs will be used in the airport terminal and boarding areas. A garment should be placed over the prisoner's wrists to avoid unnecessary attention being drawn to him/her.
g. The prisoner will be kept under constant surveillance while aboard the aircraft, including his/her use of the lavatory.
h. No metal eating utensils will be provided to the prisoner.
i. Absolutely no alcoholic beverages will consumed by either the prisoner or the escorts.
232.10 Processing Arrestees. The arresting Agents will have primary responsibility for processing the arrestee, which includes interviewing, obtaining personal history information, photographing, fingerprinting, additional searching (if necessary), and bringing him/her before the court or magistrate for his/her initial appearance. Processing should be conducted at the OIG office whenever possible.
A. Juveniles. Should the defendant be a juvenile (not attained his/her 18th birthday at the time of arrest), the following special procedures shall apply.(1) Immediately notify the U.S. Attorney that the defendant is a juvenile.(2) Immediately notify the defendant of his/her rights.
(3) Immediately notify the parents or guardian of the arrest and the offense charged.
(4) Unless the defendant is to be tried as an adult, he/she should not be fingerprinted or photographed. (A court order can be sought subsequent to arrest if photographing and fingerprinting are necessary.)
(5) Arrange for his/her initial appearance without. further delay.
B. Interviewing.
(1) Prior to interviewing the defendant, he/she must be advised of his/her Miranda rights. Unless made spontaneously and without solicitation by the Agent, any self-incriminating statements made by the defendant without first being advised of these rights may be deemed inadmissible.(2) If the defendant elects to exercise his/her rights, the interview will be terminated at that point.
(3) If the defendant cannot speak English, the advising of rights and any subsequent interviewing must be conducted in his native language.
(4) If the defendant elects to waive his/her rights, then a full, witnessed interview will be conducted, culminating in a signed statement. Defendants will sign Form OIG III-226/1 if they elect to waive their rights.
(5) Where a defendant is re-interviewed, he/she should be advised of his/her rights at the start of each such interview.
(6) If the defendant is willing to answer questions but not sign a written statement, then all information which would have been incorporated in a statement will be reported in a Memorandum of Investigation (Form OIG III-207/2) signed by two witnessing Agents.
(7) Rough notes prepared in connection with taking the statement will be handled in accordance with Chapter 207. If the interview is to be electronically recorded, even just for stenographic purposes, the recording equipment must be in plain view, the consent of the defendant must be clearly indicated on the tape, and the tape itself handled in accordance with Volume III, Chapter 234.
(8) Depending upon the circumstances, it may be desirable to establish the defendant as an informant. This being the case, all provisions of Volume III, Chapter 240, pertaining to informants shall apply.
(9) Once an attorney has been obtained or appointed for the defendant, any subsequent contact with the defendant must be made through or with the concurrence of his/her attorney.
(10) If the defendant requests to make a telephone call to an attorney, relative, or friend, the request should be granted.
C. Obtaining Personal History. Regardless of whether a defendant waives his/her constitutional rights, he/she will be questioned regarding essential, non-incriminating personal history information. Should a refusal be made to provide this information, the defendant should be informed that this will be brought to the attention of the U.S. Magistrate or the court at his/her initial appearance, and may be considered in the setting of bail. OIG Form III-232/3 (Personal History Report), will be used to report this information for the case file. (See Appendix B)
D. Photographing. At least two sets of photographs should be taken and kept in the field office file. A set will consist of one full face (head and shoulders) and one profile photograph. The identification plate should contain, at a minimum, the case file number and date of arrest. The reverse side of each photograph should be labeled with at least the defendant's full name and date of birth.
E. Fingerprinting.
(1) All individuals arrested will be fingerprinted on FBI Form FD-249 (Red Criminal Fingerprint Card). These cards are being printed with the OIG Headquarters Originating Agency Identifier Number (ORI). All Special Agents should therefore put the local OIG field office mailing address on the back lower right corner of the card in the block where it reads SEND COPY TO NAME: ORI NUMBER AND ADDRESS.(2) These cards must be completed fully and accurately, and all prints must be fully legible. if required information is omitted, the fingerprints will not be processed by the FBI. Please insure that the "charge" block contains the Criminal Code Violation and a narrative of the Charge.
(3) Two sets of fingerprints will be taken and the best copy of the FD-249 will be sent directly to the Identification Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC 20537. The remaining card should.be retained in the case file for submission to the FBI should the first card be returned as unclassifiable or for latent print comparison. (See Appendix C)
(4) FBI Form R-84 (Final Disposition Report) must also be prepared if the fingerprint card does not show the final case disposition. At the time the fingerprint cards are prepared, prints of the arrestee's right hand fingers must be obtained on the FBI Form R-84 and the left front side of the form completed. The form should be retained in the casefile until the final disposition is available, at which time the form should be completed and submitted directly to the FBI for proper posting of the disposition to the arrestee's records. (See Appendix C)
F. Personal Effects. An OIG Form III-233/2 (Receipt) will be prepared, signed, and the defendant given a copy for all personal property taken by the OIG for safekeeping/evidence. (See Volume III, Chapter 233 for a copy of the above form.)
G. Initial Appearance.
(1) Rule 5 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure requires that the defendant be taken before the nearest available Federal Magistrate without unnecessary delay. If a Federal Magistrate is not available, he/she may be taken before any state or local judicial officer authorized by 18 USC 3041.(2) 18 USC § 3501 places a general limitation of 6 hours between the time of arrest and the initial appearance with regard to the admissibility of a confession obtained in this period. Although this time limit does not have applicability beyond the admissibility of a statement, it should serve as a general goal in determining unnecessary delay, barring long distances or arrests made after business hours.
(3) Where the initial appearance cannot be arranged on the same day as the arrest, the defendant shbuld be lodged in a federally approved detention facility. Location of these facilities can be obtained from the local U.S. Marshals office.
(4) If the defendant was arrested without a warrant, the complaint will be sworn and filed at the initial appearance.
H. Reporting the Arrest.
(1) Whenever an individual is arrested, the SAC will be notified immediately. The DAIGI should be notified by FAX or E-MAIL during the work day and paged after hours at discretion of the SAC. When possible, notification should be made in anticipation of an arrest.(2) The arrest will be entered in the Judicial screen in IDMS which will serve as the arrest report. A copy will be faxed to the DAIG. (See Exhibit A)
(3) A Memorandum of Investigation (OIG III-267/2) will be prepared setting forth the following.
a. Details of obtaining the warrant.b. Details of the arrest.
c. Details of the processing.
d. Summary of the interview, including any admissions made, or refusal to make a statement.
e. Details of the initial appearance.
(4) Include in the-originating office case file the following additional documents.
a. Copy of the complaint, affidavit, or indictment.b. Copy of the warrant.
c. Any written statements or inventories.
d. FD- 249, Fingerprint Card.
e. Photographs.
f. Copy of the OIG Form III-232/3 (Personal History Report).
I. Arrest Statistics
(1) Criteria Arrest credit for SUBJECTS apprehended in OIG Investigations may be claimed under the following circumstances:a. The individual arrested has been entered as a SUBJECT of record in the Investigative Data Management System (IDMS).b. SUBJECT'was arrested as a resuit of an OIG investigation and:
1. The complaint filed and warrant issued, whether federal, state, or local was prepared by OIG personnel.2. The warrant was issued by state or local authorities as a direct result of an OIG investigation.
3. The warrant was issued as a result of a grand jury indictment.
c. SUBJECT was arrested as a result of a multiagency investigation, i.e. OIG, DEA, CUSTOMS, in which the OIG is the lead agency or significantly contributes to the investigation. Any questions concerning this should be discussed with the DAIGI.
d. SUBJECT is an OIG fugitive/wanted person and is apprehended by OIG agents.
e. Arrests must be entered in the IDMS judicial screen in order for statistical credit to be granted.
Note: Arrest credit will not be claimed in certain Immigration cases where illegal aliens are apprehended as "pawns" of an illegal scheme, or they are not directly involved or a principal SUBJECT in the allegation under investigation by the OIG.
(2) Arrest Date
a. Arrests will be claimed on the date warrants are served.
b. If SUBJECT is indicted by a grand jury and notified to appear in lieu of issuing an arrest warrant, date of arrest will be the date of appearance in court. Statistical credit will not be claimed on the basis of a signed "plea agreement" unless the SUBJECT, not previously arrested, has been formally arraigned.
(3) Arrest credit will be taken by the OIG case agent/office.
J. Foreign Nationals.
(1) Treaty obligations of the United States require that certain procedures be followed pursuant to the arrest of a foreign national. These procedures are in addition to any other rights or privileges afforded to individuals under arrest.(2) A foreign national must be advised of the right to have his/her government informed of the arrest. If the arrestee wishes to exercise that right, the appropriate foreign consulate or embassy must be notified without delay by the DAIGI.
(3) Bilateral agreements between the United States and certain countries require notification of a consulate or embassy regardless of the arrestee's wishes. Therefore, the DAIGI must notify the appropriate consul and advise the foreign national arrestee that his/her consulate has been notified when a national of the following countries is arrested or detained:
Antigua Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Brunei
Bulgaria
China (People's Republic)
Costa Rica
Cyprus
Dominica
Fiji
The Gambia
German Democratic Republic
Ghana
Grenada
Guyana Jamaica
Kiribati
Kuwait
Malta
Malaysia
Mauritius
Nigeria
Philippines
Poland
Romania
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
St. Christopher and Nevis
St. Lucia St. Vincent and Grenadines
Tanzania
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tuvalu
United Kingdom (includes nationals
of Anguilla British Virgin Islands,
Hong Kong, Bermuda,
Montserrat, and Turks & Caicos)U.S.S.R.
Zambia
Zimbabwe
[Appendices, consisting of forms, omitted here.]
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