Torsion fields are extremely unusual objects of investigation. Since a torsion field is identical to the transverse spin polarization of the physical vacuum, and a gravitational field is identical to the longitudinal spin polarization of the physical vacuum [1], then some properties of torsion fields are identical to the properties of gravitational fields. For instance, experiments show that torsion fields cannot be shielded by natural media, and in this way their behavior is similar to that of gravitational fields [2]. However, unlike gravitational fields which cannot be shielded even by artificial materials, torsion fields are shielded by artificial materials possessing orthonormal topology of structure. In practice, it is possible to screen torsion radiation with lengths of stretched polyethylene film commonly produced by industry. This film is manufactured in such a manner that the polymers form an aligned unidirectional structure. The unidirectional orientation of the polymers results in a molecular spin ordering. And this results in the generation of a collective torsion field. Two crossed polyethylene films are transparent to light, and are transparent to most of the radio-frequency spectrum. However, they can effectively shield torsion radiation.  

Fig. 1 Torsion generator within a shielded enclosure

In experiments with torsion generators, apparently the main difficulty lies in verifying that the generated radiation actually is torsion radiation. To confirm the nature of the generated emission, the following experiments can be performed (Fig.1). A torsion generator 1 is shielded by a screen 2 (the screen should effectively shield EM radiation to make sure that the generated radiation has a nonelectromagnetic nature). Detectors 3 and 4 are two pieces of tungsten wire. Detector 3 is placed left of the torsion generator, and detector 4 is placed to the right of the torsion generator as depicted in Fig.1. Before turning the generator 1 on, the electrical resistance of each detector (3 and 4) should be measured. (The spin structure of tungsten is altered significantly if it is subjected to the influence of torsion radiation. As a result of spin structure change, the electrical resistance of tungsten will also change. Other substances can be used as detectors as well, but the magnitude of changes to tungsten's electrical resistance influence of torsion radiation is greater than that of other substances. Detectors made of tungsten wire were first utilized by N.A.Kozyrev, and later by A.I.Veinik, A.V.Chernetsky and others.)

Fig. 2 Spatial configuration of the emitted torsion field

The spatial configuration of a torsion field as generated by an object with a torque is depicted on Fig.2. (It should be noted that the generator 1 (an object having torque) generates only a "right" or a "left" torsion field depending on the sense of the torque (i.e. depending on the direction of rotation). The generated torsion field lacks the radial symmetry of electromagnetic or gravitational fields, but instead has axial symmetry (i.e. the torsion field has cone-shaped spatial configuration). Fig.2 shows the situation when a "right" torsion field is generated. If the torque is reversed, then a "left" torsion field having the same spatial configuration is generated.) In Fig.2 the torsion generator 1 is turned on, and a torsion field acts upon the detectors 3 and 4. The duration of the influence needed alter the spin structure of objects 3 and 4 depends upon the intensity of the generated torsion radiation. After the objects 3 and 4 have been affected by torsion radiation, the generator can be turned off and the electrical resistance of both detectors measured. (The resistance measurement can be performed not only after the generator is turned off, but also during the operation of the generator as well.)

Fig. 3 The torsion fields are not shielded by parallel films of aligned PE

After the intensity of the influence is determined, i.e. after establishing the fact that the radiation created by generator 1 is of nonelectromagnetic nature (since the generator is shielded), and determining that it is able to change the electric resistance of detectors 3 and 4, the next experiment can be performed (Fig.3). A torsion polarizer 5 (e.g. the polyethylene film) is placed between generator 1 and detector 3. Another torsion polarizer 6 is placed between generator 1 and detector 4. If polarizers 5 and 6 have unidirectional orientation of torsion fields (this situation is depicted in Fig.3), then the influence of the torsion fields generated by generator 1 still can be detected. This situation is identical to the earlier situation where no polarizers were utilized. In this case, both detectors are influenced by the torsion field being created by generator 1. (This fact can be verified by measuring the electrical resistance of detectors 3 and 4.) But if the orientation of any of the polarizers is changed to an orthogonal position in relation to another polarizer (Fig.4) then neither detector is influenced by the torsion field. Thus the observed situation can be interpreted as "locking" of the spin-polarized space between polarizers 5 and 6, as though this space behaves as a solid body. (The first experimental verification of this effect was performed by V.D.Pronin [3].)

Fig. 4 The torsion fields are shielded if one PE film is rotated 90deg

Changes in electrical resistance of various conductors is not the only effect of the influence of torsion fields. It is necessary to emphasize that torsion fields can be detected by a variety of methods. The influence of a torsion field upon a physical material results in the change of a spin state of only this material, but alterations of the spin state of the physical vacuum can result in changes to a light beam's polarization angle, and change to the spin state of a substance can result in alterations of its magnetizability, Hall's coefficient, thermal conduction, and other properties.

Since changes in the spin state of an electrical conductor may result in the alteration of its electrical resistance, then an elementary torsion field detector can be based upon a comparison bridge (Wheatstone bridge). This type of detector was first utilized by N.A.Kozyrev [4], and later by an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences M.M.Lavrentiev [5,6] and others.

Another type of elementary torsion field detector is the torsion balance. Torsion balances were employed in experiments conducted by N.P.Myshkin at the end of the IXX century, and later were employed in the experiments of N.A.Kozyrev and others. As discovered by N.A.Kozyrev, the direction of motion of the torsion balance indicator depends upon the orientation of the torsion field. For instance, if the torsion balances are subjected to the influence of a "right" torsion field, and the indicator moves in one direction, then after influencing the torsion balance with a "left" torsion field, the indicator will move in the opposite direction.

Torsion fields are able to change the rate of any physical process, for instance, they significantly alter the oscillation frequency of quartz crystals. Thus this property can be employed in torsion field detectors. The possibile affect upon the oscillation frequency of a quartz plate by torsion radiation was experimentally discovered by N.A.Kozyrev [4], and later was employed in various torsion detectors developed by a member of the Belarus Academy of Sciences, A.I.Veinik [2]. A.I.Veinik used the term "chronal detector," since he assumed a connection between the detected fields and the rate of the course of time. He experimentally discovered that it is possible to alter the rate of any process (including the process of a radioactive decay) by subjecting that process to the influence of torsion radiation [2]. This fact is stipulated by the ability of torsion fields to affect the inertial forces in any circulating mechanical system. This was demonstrated rigorously by G.I.Shipov [1].

Since the superposition of a torsion field and a gravitational field in a local area of space may result in the reduction of gravity in this area (the so called "torsion compensation of gravity"), then the influence of torsion radiation upon any physical object may result in a reduction in weight of that object. This significant property of torsion fields was discovered in the 1950s by N.A.Kozyrev [4], and later, it was confirmed in the investigations conducted by A.I.Veinik [2], M.M.Lavrentiev [6], and others.

If any substance (or even the physical vacuum in general) is subjected to the influence of an external torsion field, then this influence causes a transverse spin polarization of that substance. Since this transverse spin polarization can be retained as a metastable state, then a torsion field of a given spatial configuration can be "recorded" upon any physical object. Due to this property of torsion fields, the new value of electrical resistance produced in the experiment with tungsten wire described above will continue for a significant period of time. (Up to many hours, if the intensity of the environmental torsion fields is low enough. And up to many months, if the tungsten wire is shielded by crossed polyethylene films immediately after the wire is subjected to the influence of the torsion fields.) The simplest matrix for the "recording" of a torsion field is a piece of sugar. (As is well known, the methods of recording information upon sugar, wax, water, etc. are effectively applied in practice, but basically understood only as experimental anomalies. It is possible to record a "right" or "left" torsion field upon a piece of sugar (as well as upon water in a container, etc). This fact is easily detected by various torsion detectors (e.g. by torsion balances, or by electronic detectors based upon the comparison bridge, etc.) But it must be noted that the "charged" object shouldn't be subjected to any shocks, otherwise the "torsion charge" will "disappear". This is due to the fact that torsion fields are closely coupled to inertial forces [1].

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